Dengue represents an increasing burden for low-income countries like Yemen, especially in the context of prolonged armed conflicts. A recent study retrospectively reviews epidemiological data on dengue in Yemen from January 2020 to August 2024.
The study conducts a retrospective analysis based on secondary data collected from the Surveillance Center of the Ministry of Health in Aden. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs, rapid tests, and ELISA for IgG/IgM antibodies. Geographical coverage included nine governorates: Aden, Taiz, Hadhramout, Abyan, Lahj, Al Dhale’e, Marib, Al Maharah, and Shabwah.
Key Findings
Total Cases and Incidence:
A total of 104,562 cases were reported, with an average incidence of 103.09 cases per 10,000 inhabitants. The highest incidence was recorded in the governorate of Shabwah (176.96 cases/10,000), followed by Abyan (160.1) and Taiz (131.93).
Demographic Distribution:
Men accounted for 58.10% of the cases. The 15–24 age group represented the highest proportion of cases (26.11%), followed by the 25–34 age group (24.47%).
Temporal Trends:
The highest number of cases occurred in 2020 (30.65%), likely exacerbated by disruptions in healthcare systems due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The seasons with the most cases were autumn (28.9%) and summer (24.8%), correlating with favorable mosquito breeding conditions.
Case Fatality Rate:
A total of 217 deaths were reported (0.21%), with higher fatality rates among women (0.23%) and those over 65 years old (0.75%). Aden governorate had the highest case fatality rate (0.82%).
Contributing Factors:
Climatic conditions, poverty, mass displacement, and the weakened healthcare system due to armed conflict have exacerbated the spread of dengue in Yemen.
International Comparisons:
Yemen’s incidence is consistent with global trends, although the impact of conflict and socioeconomic conditions aggravates the local situation.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Prevention and Control:
- Implement effective vector control programs.
- Improve epidemiological surveillance and early diagnosis.
International Collaboration:
- Cooperate with global organizations to develop control strategies and potential vaccination programs.
Future Research:
- Conduct molecular studies on virus genotypes and vector-associated risk factors in Yemen.
